Business phrases like "due diligence" and "leverage" are common and well-known, but some newer ones, like forward integration, can be unfamiliar. The forward integration definition shared on ...

For decades, vertical integration meant ownership. According to Michael E. Porter's seminal work Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, companies sought to reduce costs, ...

In a quasi-vertical integrated firm one production stage controls the other(s) with less than full ownership. This paper analyses the effects of a rate-of-return regulation on the efficiency and the ...

Pisano, Gary P. "The Governance of Innovation: Vertical Integration and Collaborative Arrangements in the Biotechnology Industry." Research Policy 20, no. 3 (June 1991): 237–249.

This is the first study in the academic literature to examine, using econometric methods, the cost impacts of three different approaches to structuring railway systems: vertical separation, vertical ...

Huckman, Robert S. "Hospital Integration and Vertical Consolidation: An Analysis of Acquisitions in New York State." Journal of Health Economics 25, no. 1 (January 2006): 58–80.